Female circumcision refers to the removal of external female genitals for cultural reasons. In Uganda, it is mainly practiced by the Sabiny, Pokot, and Tepeth communities in the northeastern and eastern regions. Despite being banned by law, the practice continues in secrecy because cultural traditions often hold more power in these areas than legal restrictions.
Female circumcision, also known as Female Genital Mutilation (FGM), is seen among these communities as a rite of passage from girlhood to womanhood. It is believed to prepare girls for marriage, and those who are not circumcised often face social rejection and discrimination.
In Uganda, FGM was banned in 2010, but it still occurs, especially among the Sabiny in Kapchorwa, Kween, and Bukwo districts. Girls who are not circumcised may be excluded from community activities and treated as unworthy, which pressures many families to continue the practice.
Among the Pokot people in Amudat District, the rate of circumcision is about 54%, down from 88% in past years. For the Pokot, circumcised women are believed to bring more dowry compared to those who are not, which creates a financial push for families to keep practicing it. Circumcision is also tied to beliefs of controlling sexual desire, showing cleanliness, and marking the transition to womanhood. Uncircumcised women are often denied marital rights, basic needs, or respect in society.
The Tepeth, another group in northeastern Uganda, also continue to carry out circumcision for cultural reasons, passing the tradition from one generation to the next, which makes ending it difficult.
The Ugandan government, together with organizations like UNICEF, has tried to fight against FGM through awareness campaigns and community education. However, deeply rooted cultural beliefs remain a challenge.
Female circumcision has serious health risks, including exposure to HIV and tetanus through the use of shared blades, as well as long-term effects like cysts, infertility, loss of sexual desire, and psychological trauma. Many women also suffer lasting emotional scars from the practice.
Female circumcision in Uganda is a harmful cultural practice that continues despite being banned, and efforts to end it require strong education and community involvement.
